Trajan, M. Ulpius, dt Trajan, born in Italica (Spain, near Seville in today Santi Ponce) 18 9. 53, died in Selinus (Anatolia) 7 / 8 8. 117, Roman Emperor since 28 1. 98. He came from the Munizipalaristokratie southern Spain. His father had come under Nero in the Senate. Trajan was superior under Domitian Legion commander in Spain, 91 and 96 consul governor of Germania. 97 was the favorite among the soldiers of Senator Nerva adopted and ascended after his death as the first provincial of the imperial throne.
His foreign policy is characterized by large Offensive marked. 101/02 Dacia was subjected and put in a function, 105/06 and 107 conquering again declared a Roman province. As victory monuments created the monument of Adamklissi 109 and 113 in Rome, the 33-meter-high column of Trajan with 200 m long relief band. At Turnu Severin Apollodorus of Damascus, built the first permanent bridge across the Danube from 1 km in length. 106, the Nabatean kingdom in the province of Arabia was transformed. In the Parthian 114-117 Trajan Armenia and Mesopotamia was conquered and incorporated the kingdom. 116 he came to Ctesiphon to the Persian Gulf. Riots in the hinterland, especially a collection of Jews, prevented the continuation of the war. died on the return trip to Rome the Emperor at Selinus in Cilicia.
preserved in the internal politics Trajan the Rights of the Senate, which gave him only 114 to the track Optimus princeps (best Kaiser). Simultaneously, the Arch of Trajan was built in Beneventum whose extensive, well-preserved relief decoration on the relationship of the emperor at Rome (city side) and to the provinces (land side) is dedicated. The imperial power has been strengthened through the expansion of bureaucracy and the army, subordinate to the provincial cities increasingly imperial control. The correspondence of Trajan with Pliny the Younger, governor of Bithynia, is instructive for its state political wisdom in matters of detail, eg in the treatment of Christians. The Emperor sought to the strengthening of border defenses along the Rhine and Danube (the Limes and Trajanswall in Dobrogea) and founded many colonies, including Ulpia Traiana (Xanten), Noviomagus (Nijmegen) and Thamugadi (Timgad). An extensive building activity (Trajan's Forum with 2 libraries and Basilica Ulpia, expansion of ports and roads), the extension of Nerva Alimentarstiftungen, generous donations and magnificent games made him and the people is very popular, exhausted but the finances, despite the influx of Dacian gold.
The marriage to the originating from southern Gaul Plotina remained childless. The successor Hadrian was adopted by will (Adoptivkaisertum). In the reign of Trajan's military The Roman Empire reached its greatest extent and the height of his power. Of all the emperors, he was the greatest conqueror and also the last.
Source: novaesium.de
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