On bottom front are the Greek Peloponnese peninsula, the remains of Pavlopetri that applies for decades as the oldest sunken city in the world. But their origins lie not in the Bronze Age, as archaeologists previously thought, but even in the late Stone Age. The proof ceramic pieces that archaeologists have now found in the area and are aged 5000-6000 years.
Pavlopetri once was 100 000 square meters, about half of the area have Nic Flemming from the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton and his team are now mapped. Since many roads and houses are still visible, they could reconstruct the plan of the port city almost completely. Nearby, the researchers also made shipwreck and its cargo of lost. Soon they will investigate the findings further, to learn more about the beginnings of maritime trade in the Mediterranean.
Flemming had Pavlopetri discovered in 1967, the remains were initially estimated at an age of 4000 years. The town existed until about 1000 BC, why then sank in the sea, is unclear. According to geologists could you fall with a rise in sea level or an earthquake related.
History Film / Drama - Germany / Italy / Spain. 2009 Rated: PG-12 - 148 mins - Rental: Constantin Start: 22/10/2009
Legend has it that in the 9th have been taken over centuries the highest office in the church by a man dressed as a woman. Whether that is true, is still controversial. Neither the time nor the event itself is agreement. While the producers of the film Pope Joan as a true story To apply church historians refute their veracity and rate the alleged Pope Joan as a fictional character. Should be about a woman led the whole Catholic Church by the nose?
controversial, the subject, so rocky and the way the book was to film. First, should not Sönke Wortmann (Das Wunder von Bern, Germany. A summer fairytale) staging the bestseller Pope Joan by Donna Woolfolk Cross, but Oscar-winner Volker Schlondorff (The Tin Drum, Ulzhan). But when he criticized an article in the Süddeutsche Zeitung Cinema-TV hybrid products, he was by the production company Constantin unceremoniously shown the door. Also favored by Schlöndorff Actress Franka Potente should not rise more in the habit of Joanna from now. The role of Pope was instead filled by Johanna Wokalek (North Face, The Baader Meinhof Complex).
So much for the trappings of the film that triggered all kinds of vortex and the success of the film is likely to be beneficial. But what is it exactly? Sönke Wortmann's historical epic begins in the freezing winter of 814th In poor conditions the girl Johanna was born the third child. The love of knowledge seems to become her in the cradle to be. She learns quickly and eagerly, even though her father, the village priest (Iain Glen), she denied any education and only his two sons, Matthew (Sandro Lohmann) and John (Jan-Hendrik Kiefer informed). When her brother Matthew Johanna persuaded her secretly teach reading, writing and Latin, this is the beginning of a long odyssey of a life by repeatedly and have to hide their true identity. Women were not for the school, but to bear children and is responsible for the budget. Only men were allowed to benefit from education.
But Joan refuses to be: against the strict father, against the rules of the church, for their convictions and their faith. She senses that her destiny is different, that God has it a different way. But the price is high. During the long meet them again and again people who acknowledge their intelligence and mental sharpness, and their help. They make it to the cathedral school, where they met Count Gerold, a nobleman at the court of the bishop (David Wenham), and love to learn. When the war breaks out, it appears under the name of Brother John was a man dressed as the Benedictine monastery of Fulda. For several years she lived as a respected healer and medicine man. threatened when her true identity to be revealed, she flees to Rome. There she again meets Count Gerold, noting that one can not deny it longer: their love.
On and Johanna rises on the side of the pope in the church hierarchy, always greater the risk of discovery and increasingly they feel that they must decide: Will she give her heart God or a man? When Pope Sergius (John Goodman) dies, Johanna is elected as his successor. They quickly, the people on their side, have for the never before done a church leader so much. But Joan has also envy and enemies that you will one day become fatal.
Whether true or fictitious, one thing is certain: Pope Joan is anything but a boring history ham. What is shown here, the magnificent triumph of a woman in a patriarchal society, Johanna's emancipation to the Church but also against a man she loves. A fight in which they 148 minutes brilliantly mastered and worth every minute without lengths.
CAST & CREW directed by Sönke Wortmann writer Donna Woolfolk Cross, Heinrich Hadding, Sönke Wortmann Camera: Tom ferryman Editor: Hans Funck Music: Marcel Barsotti protagonist: Johanna Wokalek, Anatole Taubman, John Goodman, Jördis Triebel, David Wenham
Regensburg historian experimental project on nutrition and training of Roman gladiators start
the students of the Uni Regensburg is still looking for volunteers who are willing to undergo an intensive training and adhere to a strict diet.
The full-scale replica of an ancient Roman galley and two marches in Legionnaires' Equipment - 2004 over the Alps and 2008 on the Danube along Carnuntum (Lower Austria) and Regensburg - could historians make the University of Regensburg have nationwide attention. On Tuesday, 20 October 2009, fell on the campus of Regensburg launch another project in the field of experimental archeology. It is organized once again by employees of the Department of Ancient History at the University of Regensburg. As part of the Research Centre "Region in Transition" (RIU), the organizers take it another familiar theme of the ancient world closer look: the gladiators. Equal to twenty original reproduction of Gladiator equipment was handed over to the University of Regensburg in this context by a generous donor, the entrepreneur Hans Schaller from Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm.
Historical background:
What is another subject of classical studies hardly the history of Roman gladiators fraught with stereotypes, distorting the historical reality in many ways. Although, the munera, so the events were held in the framework of gladiatorial combat, a form of mass entertainment. Often overlooked, however, that this form of spectacle to religious rituals of the Etruscans is based, originally constituted extraordinary homages to the dead. Moreover, the history of the gladiatorial with an extraordinary process of professionalization is connected, which in turn is closely related to the political development of Rome.
The former burial customs changed in the course of time as a part of PR campaigns of Roman statesmen like Caesar. In imperial times gladiatorial combats were then in almost all parts of the expanding Roman Empire introduced. Gladiator fights were an integral part of the ancient Roman civilization. While at first prisoners of war and slaves were forced to such struggles, life went as a gladiator as a result, members of the Roman upper class. Many distinguished Romans gave to their social rank, to be part of the circle of those who in the arenas of the Empire fought out the munera. With brutal and without any rules also fought battles, as is suggested, the modern media of our time, had the munera also rarely anything in common.
Although they were actually located on the lowest social level, enjoyed the well-trained medical well-served gladiators in the Roman society sometimes the status of idols, comparable to modern "Super Stars". Coupled with the extensive medical care for these "super stars" was a coordinated nutrition plan, which was the same as the treatment of gladiators strict scientific criteria. Both were incorporated into the design of the ancient Roman army, thereby making an important contribution into the development of medicine in the West until the early modern period.
objectives and timetable of the project:
precisely these scientific developments will be at the heart of the new project of Regensburg scientists. Based on whether it is possible for a man of the 21st century to make a Gladiator on the ancient model, they should be medical, nutritional and sports science aspects are examined in the light of ancient sources.
After the handover of equipment by the contractor Gladiator Hans Schaller go there in the coming weeks is to find volunteers for the proposed project. We are looking for male students at the University of Regensburg, 20-30 years, who must first submit an intense strength and movement training and are trained in the use of heavy equipment. In addition, based on antique Sources - in particular the statements of the ancient physician Galen - a detailed eating plan drawn up that is challenging for the subjects with a high level of discipline. Target point of the project, the outcome at this stage due to the high demands of the parties seems to be completely open, a longer stay in the amphitheater in Carnuntum. In this context, the subjects will be for every month to train long and as ancient gladiators.
The project could provide not only a deeper understanding of the lives of the gladiators, further evidence for the nutrition science, sports science and sports medicine. Precisely for this reason, the different phases the project by members of the Institute for Sports Science at the University of Regensburg accompanied.
Romans march: Suffering for science, Heroic, utterly fearless and, above all, very tough - the soldiers of the ancient Romans had to put up with much. And respect for the achievements of the Legion is growing even more if you slip a few hundred miles in their role.
The year is 1959 AD. The whole world is occupied by a dusty historical image of Roman antiquity. The whole world? - No! Two indomitable comic book writers - The writer René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo, the illustrator - invent Asterix. Since then, he delighted millions of comic fans all over the world, but also history and Latin teacher.
Asterix This would almost become a fox. For when Goscinny and Uderzo 1959 to develop the nascent magazine "Pilote" a comic story, the story will first turn to "Le Roman de Renard" - to German Reinecke Fuchs. But when they find out that another author has already had a similar idea to develop indomitable Gauls Asterix and his friends. In the first edition of the "pilots" starts on page 20, the adventure, Asterix the Gaul "and is now a hit. Jacta est Alea. (Latin: The cube has fallen.)
false start in Germany
corresponds Asterix and his stocky figure, big nose and the wings helmet actually not the stereotypes of the time to look like a comic book hero. But writers Goscinny convinced his partner Uderzo assume that Asterix must be different.. "I wanted an anti-hero," said Goscinny about the making of Asterix, "a little guy Asterix should be a kid, so noticeable as a punctuation mark I was important that the character was funny in itself. " Asterix is the stylishly comic book hero and that makes him successful. Veni, vidi, vici! (Latin: I came, saw and conquered!)
With the magic potion to get through the whole country
Quick Asterix makes even beyond the borders of France also talked about. And has secured the German fixed and Foxi publisher Rolf Kauka 1965 Asterix rights. He tried the Gauls in the comic book "Lupo" Germanization, called Siggi Asterix, Obelix makes Barbarras, from Gaul and Germania West chewing gum from the Romans U.S. boys. The heavy-handed references to the current policy of the 60 take the stories with its many allusions and sophisticated word play the wit, the joke is gone. Morituri te salutant (Latin. Those destined to die salute you) save
But Goscinny and Uderzo their heroes and take back the rights. Until almost ten years after its start in France in 1968 appears the first authentic Asterix book "Asterix the Gaul" in the correct translation in Germany. But the indomitable Gauls conquering flanked by two movie appearances, including the classic "Asterix and Cleopatra" again very soon a large following. Nunc est bibendum (Latin: Well must be drunk.)
An anti-hero to success
Asterix convinced by inner values: he is cunning, clever, brave, and sometimes a little stubborn and argumentative. At his side is his strong and thick - "Who's fat?" - Sorry - stocky friend Obelix, which can knock anything - except a kiss the beautiful Panacea. Obelix is therefore so strong because he as a child fell into the pot with a magic potion that gives superhuman strength and the Druid Miraculix regular brews, when the Romans will be once again beat. Using the magic potion made the Gauls, the toughest adventure of Egypt to Britain, from Germania America. Non licet omnibus Adire Corinthum. (Latin: It is not every permitted to proceed to Corinth.)
secret of success: attention to detail
What is the attraction of the Asterix stories? Firstly because the funny idea, the actual conditions of the magic potion is to turn simple - well-equipped Roman and unscrupulous pirates suddenly afraid of the Gauls. Second, the stories convince by their richness and lovingly prepared outlines for all participants. For example, allusions and references to popular stereotypes, the inhabitants of the countries visited lovingly pull his leg. Many Romans are not simply evil, but mostly rather simple-minded, arrogant or lazy and also because of chance. Sic transit gloria mundi (lat.. Thus passes the glory of the world)
Goscinny died at 51 years
is just "Asterix in Belgium", as during the work on the band in 1977 Goscinny surprisingly with only 51 years dies. This loses Asterix the brilliant storyteller, Goscinny ideas and subtle language. As a result, brings out another artist Uderzo Asterix adventure. But the loss of the stories is to be noted clearly. Qualis Artifex pereo! (Latin: What artists to me passes away)
Asterix comics makes acceptable
After 50 years, Asterix is not only a place in many children's shelves conquered, but the intelligent humor of the books has comics in general, made acceptable. Schools provide the fabric with his help, whether in Latin, French, Greek, or in history lessons. Even museums devoted his major exhibitions. His adventures have been in more than 100 Translated languages and dialects, including Saxon, Swabian and Bavarian. And so Hans Well makes use of the Biermösl Blosn then "armed to Asterix" "Graffd wead.
revolution from above - The Emancipation of Prussia
begins in 1807 in Prussia, a reform project that shake the foundations of corporate society forever and Germany should pave the way into the industrial age. It is a revolution from above without spilling blood into the work set by statesmen, administrators, and scholars who want to provide economically for the Prussians defeat by Napoleon to his feet. The farmer's exemption is only part of it, but an essential: For farmers earn the lion's share of the gross national product. The Edict of 9 October 1807 is preparing an end to the oppressive serfdom and acts like a thunderbolt
Judaism - the religion of the parties and celebrations
Passover, Hanukkah, Yom Kippur and Sukkot for most non-Jews today still only exotic terms. Here, the festivals of the Jewish prayer, liturgy and calendar of their Christian fellow citizens who had the final.
Egyptian collection of world-famous to see a bust of Nefertiti
After more than 70 years on 17 October, the Neues Museum on Berlin's Museum Island was reopened. After the handover ceremony on the eve of Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU), then the public can visit the Egyptian collection of the famous bust of Queen Nefertiti and the Museum of Prehistory and Early History. To kick off the weekend there are two open days with free admission.
Alexander the Great - Myth, Hero and King. He changed the world and today everyone knows his name. Until 21 February 2010 to devote his Mannheim Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums and the Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute, a special exhibition.
40 museums have their part in the exhibition "Alexander the Great and the opening of the world. Asia Cultures in Transition contributed. "Some pieces are for the first time in Europe to see. It's all about Alexander (356-323 BC), the great heroes of past and these days. That would be pleasing to him, it was him but it seems more important to keep rooted in generations.'ve Therefore it his obsequious and uncritical reporting accompanied on the campaign. The lasted eleven years and led by the giant Persian Empire. There is much to report.
"Of particular appeal"
Also present for the Mannheim Museum, the Alexander was. Previously on Alexander shows his work, mostly in Europe and in Egypt are of interest. Now the focus moves to Central Asia. And of course it on, on the ancient authors wrote: "He had a cowlick on the forehead and held his head a little askew, his eyes were of particular appeal, and he was relatively small in stature.." He had also been passionate, "with a desire for exceptional so far unmatched. exchange of cultures
Alexander the Great brought during his campaign a mess of things: The Central Asian nations were confronted with Greek culture and lifestyle. In return, met Alexander's army and the Persian armada living environment and local cultures of Central Asia. These interactions are the center of the Mannheim exhibition.
The stories about the king are fascinating and abstract. Since book learning meets expert knowledge. The exhibition organizers initially had concerns, the myth of Alexander the Great to succumb. That did not happen. For the Great is glorified not only, but also the drawbacks are present. And the aftermath.
visitors to pick up the presence
because there has never been such a level of communication between East and West as to Alexander. He has during his campaign not only the culture but also animals and plants documented the people. "The visitor is to see that this is an era in which cultures mix and a new culture arises. "says Prof. Dr. Alfried Wieczorek, the Executive Director of the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums
It is a huge subject and a great man can please even the children how Wieczorek promises." We declare the life-world time to go something like Hellenism then not. . Younger visitors can see how cultures live together and to arise again, "In the present, would you pick up the visitor's why there are among the many special exhibits something to touch and try.
Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums
Museum World Cultures D5 68159 Mannheim
Tel: 0621 2933150
Fax: 0621 2939539
E-mail: reiss-engelhorn-museen@mannheim.de
Internet. www.alexander-the-big-2009.de
The exhibition "Alexander the Great and the opening of the World Cultures of Asia in Transition "runs until 21 February 2010.
The exhibition catalog is published by Schnell & Steiner, has about 500 pages and approximately 600 color illustrations. The museum offers an extensive program accompanying the exhibition.
opening times: Tuesday to Sunday
11-18 clock, including holidays (except December 24 and 31)
Admission: Adults 10
€, reduced 5 €, families 18 €.
Guided tours: Sundays at 14
clock and by appointment. Audioguides also be offered.
It does not smell like peppered dove. Since no fried fly in the plumage of a bird on a dining table decorated with flowers. The archaeologists are not even sure if they have the fabulous dining room (coenatio rotunda) found by the Emperor Nero, described by the historian Suetonius in his Kaiser Biography: Nero's "banquet hall was in the form of a rotunda, whose dome, like the universe and day night turned constant.
But the scientists discovered in July and showed now for the first time on the southern slope of the Palatine Hill overlooking the Colosseum, a round building of 16 meters in diameter. At its center stands a four-meter wide pillar of a brick wall. Regularly fitted well in this column on a height at which could be anchored to a floor, allow the conclusion that probably the wooden floor is not fixed to the outer wall but was rotated.
ivory, pearl and gemstone for ornament
Archaeologists date the strange walls on the short period between the fire of Rome in 64 AD and the grinding of the entire site five years later in the first Flavierkaiser Vespasian, who could tear after Nero's death and the civil war in the "four emperors year" domination. By this date it might be actually in the building is a construction division in the vast area of Nero's Golden House (Domus Aurea), which the emperor until after the firing of several neighborhoods of Oppio Hill on Caelius in the east of the valley to build up to the Palatine hill was.
Your old building was never finished, but Suetonius reported half a century later: "The interior of the palace were all gold and inlaid with precious stones and mother of pearl. The dining rooms were decorated with ivory carvings, coffered ceilings, the paneling was moved so that they could leave flowers showered on the guests, and a tube plant to herabzusprühen fragrant essences. "
grand view of an artificial lake
After the finding, it could now also be that not only the ceiling above the dining room shot, but also the ground. It is thought to a hydraulic mechanism. But like Nero's guests saw nothing. They enjoyed a stunning look that can empathize with to this day. Where the successor Vespasian began the construction of the Colosseum, Nero had had to create an artificial lake. Nero's guests also saw the colossal statue of her Host. colonnades and should have been 36 meters high to Suetonius - which stood in a vestibule between - three rows of columns existing. After this statue probably named the Flavian Amphitheatre. Guests are offered the free view in all directions in the forum to the villas on the Palatine, if they should confirm the finding of the archaeologists.
For now, the plant as the entire area of the "domus aurea" closed to visitors, for safety reasons, as they say. In addition, further dug to perhaps to reveal the entire secret. So far, we had established in spite of the written sources of Nero's villa, especially in the Oppio. Only now is the enormity the system significantly. Nero lived only five months in his villa, the palace and garden in a house was before him, pressed by his enemies, with 31 years committed suicide. "Now I'm starting to live with dignity," he had said at the inauguration of his own home gold.
